Youth+in+Nazi+Germany

= Use the text (you can make reference to sources and document studies as evidence), additional websites, multimedia and images. = = Youth in Nazi Germany = What it was like to be a young person in the Nazi Germany.

 Brainwash the young Germans. A new generation who would know nothing but Hitler and the Nazi party.

 The Hitler Youth (Hitler-Jugend) was a logical extension of Hitler's belief that the future generations of Nazi Germany was essential to guarantee the endurance of the Third Reich. It was essential to win the loyalty of the next generation. For this reason, The Nazis placed great importance on controlling the youth of Germany. This movement had been formed as part of the Nazi Party as early as 1922. Called the Youth League it was a relatively small organisation, under control of SA.

 It was banned after the 1923 Beer hall Putsch only to be reinstated and renamed the Hitler Youth.

 Baldur von Schirach was appointed Reich Leader of the Hitler Youth; he carried out important reforms to the movement and membership increased.

 July 1930, The Female equivalent of the Hitler Youth, The League of German Girls, was established. Pictured to the right is a girl with Aryan features. The caption says **"The youth serves the leader**"

Visit this link of The [|__Hitler Youth__]  to gain a perspective of the behaviour of the youth in Germany.

**__Resistance in the youth__**

 
 * __Edelweiss Pirates__
 * Working class youths from industrial areas
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Formed gangs that engaged in non-conformist action, including provoking and fighting Hitler Youth groups
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">__Swing Movement__
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Middle class, urban backgrounds
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reacted against the social conformity of the Nazi state
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Individuality through Enligsh-style clothes, embracing swing and jazz music
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“In most cases the young girl leader did not know herself what she was talking about”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Education**
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Before Nazi Germany had best education system in the world
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nazi: Aim of education as indoctrination
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Opposed intellectual though and free inquiry
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Education controlled to reflect traditional German values and served purpose of the state
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Girls
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Domestic courses
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">No foreign languages
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Basic maths and science
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Boys
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">More demanding maths and science
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Physical Exercise: toughness and hardship
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: square; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">History and Biology important subjects to all children
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘Science of the Races’
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘the natural causes and effects of all racial and hereditary problems’
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘no boy or girl should leave school without a complete knowledge of the necessity and meaning of blood purity’.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Teachers forced to accept new direction and Jewish teachers were removed = students were encouraged to report their teachers
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most teachers accepted new regime without resistance
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most teachers accepted new regime without resistance

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Youth movements supported party activities by handing out electoral materials and taking part in marches and rallies. A number of Hitler Youth were killed in street brawls that were frequent in the years before the Nazis came to power. In 1929 the Hitler Youth took part in the Nuremberg Rally. After the Nazi Party came to power, other youth organisations were gradually closed down. The aim was to bring the entire youth of Germany under the Hitler Youth. <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Rockwell; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In December 1936, a law made membership of the Hitler Youth compulsory for all German boys aged 14-18. By the time war broke out in 1939, Hitler youth membership reached 7.2 million. Above all, The Hitler Youth taught the meaning and purpose of Nazism and their role as future leaders of the Reich. Emphasis was placed on physical activity, skill and endurance. Boys were expected to be able to perform certain tasks. They were taught toughness, self- discipline, loyalty and obedience to superiors. Nazi Songs, anthems and an oath of loyalty to Hitler was introduced.

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 270%;">**__Views about the Hitler Youth__**

"We start our work when the child is three. As soon as it begins to think, a lottle flag is put into it's hand. Then comes school, the Hitler Youth Movement, the Storm Troop... We never let a single soul go, and when they have gone through all that, there is the Labour Front, which takes them when they are grown up and never lets hold of them... whether they like it or not."
 * Robert Ley, Leader of the Labour Front (DAF)**

//"//All subjects, German Language, History, Geography, Chemistry and Mathematics - must concentrate on military subjects - the glorification of military service and of German heroes and leaders, and the strength of a regenerated Germany. Chemistry will inculcate a knowledge of chemical warfare, explosives, buna (artificial rubber), etc. While mathematics will help the young to understand artillery calculations, ballistics etc."
 * Extracts from a Nazi Mathematics textbook**

"The history of the German people is the history of it's infantry."
 * This was written above a militaristic timetable in a school book in 1939**

"He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future."
 * Adolf Hitler**

"Nazis were sent to schools, where they walked into the classes and cross-examined the teacher infront of his pupils. If they thought it was necessary, they arrested him at once."
 * A British teacher in Germany describes the situation in schools in 1933**

"He who serves Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer, serves Germany, and whoever serves Germany, serves God."
 * Hitler Youth Leader, Baldur Von Schirach**

"We were born to die for Germany." "You are nothing - Your Volk is everything."
 * Mottos for young German Boys**

"I promise to do my duty in love and loyalty to the Fuhrer and our flag."
 * Pledge of Allegiance to the Hitler Youth**

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">__**Was Hitler Youth successful?**__

Was Nazi youth policy successful? - Discuss the effectiveness of this policy